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Luxembourg: map, flag, capital and key facts

Luxembourg is a country in Europe, with about 687,000 people (2025) and an area of 2,590 square kilometres. Its capital is Luxembourg, and it shares land borders with 3 countries.

By Team Geography Last reviewed

Flag of Luxembourg
Flag of Luxembourg
Map showing where the country sits among its neighbours
Luxembourg in solid, land neighbours outlined, capital marked.

Key facts about Luxembourg

CapitalLuxembourg
ContinentEurope
Population686,970 2025, World Bank. 163rd of 195.
Area2,590 km² (1,000 sq mi) World Bank, surface area. 168th largest of 195.
Population density265 people per km²
Land neighbours3: Belgium, France, Germany
Official nameGrand Duchy of Luxembourg
UN statusMember state
Capital coordinates49.61° N, 6.13° E Luxembourg, Natural Earth.

Land neighbours

Luxembourg borders 3 countries on land. Each links to its own page.

BelgiumBrusselsFranceParisGermanyBerlin

From the Geography app

The app teaches each country through short hand written lenses: PLACE for physical geography, STORY for history and identity, NOW for the news, and THREAD for the ties between countries. Here is one of Luxembourg's 5, in full.

PLACELens 1 of 5

A microstate between three neighbors

Luxembourg covers just 2,586 square kilometers, making it one of Europe's smallest sovereign states, wedged between Belgium to the west, France to the south, and Germany to the east. The northern third, called the Oesling, is a forested extension of the Ardennes plateau with elevations up to 559 meters. The southern two-thirds, the Gutland, is a gentler landscape of rolling farmland and sandstone gorges. The Moselle River forms the southeastern border with Germany, its terraced slopes producing the country's modest but respected white wines.

More on Moselle River

The Moselle flows 544 kilometers from its source in the Vosges Mountains of France to its confluence with the Rhine at Koblenz in Germany. Luxembourg's 37-kilometer stretch of the river is lined with vineyards that produce Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Cremant sparkling wine. The river also serves as a natural border and a commercial waterway linking Luxembourg to the Rhine shipping network.

4 more lenses on Luxembourg in the app

  • STORY Survival through multilingualism
  • NOW The quiet financial powerhouse
  • THREAD A founding architect of European unity
  • NOW Space mining and digital ambition

Titles only. The app brings each lens back on a spaced repetition schedule set by how well you knew it: New, Hazy or Clear.

Compare Luxembourg with another country

Opens the country comparison tool with population, area, income and more side by side, every figure dated.

Common questions

What is the capital of Luxembourg?
The capital of Luxembourg is Luxembourg. Luxembourg lies at about 49.6 degrees north and 6.1 degrees east. Luxembourg is in Europe. It is home to about 687,000 people. The world capitals quiz on this site tests every capital, and the printable capitals sheets cover each continent.
What is the population of Luxembourg?
About 687,000 people live in Luxembourg, according to the World Bank figures for 2025. That makes it the 163rd most populous of the 195 countries. With an area of 2,590 square kilometres, that is about 265 people per square kilometre.
What countries border Luxembourg?
Luxembourg shares land borders with 3 countries: Belgium, France and Germany. The map on this page outlines each of them around Luxembourg. The count includes only borders on land, not neighbours across a sea or a lake. Borders here follow Natural Earth at the 1:50 million scale, with Crimea shown as part of Ukraine and Western Sahara as a separate territory.
How big is Luxembourg?
Luxembourg covers 2,590 square kilometres, or about 1,000 square miles. That makes it the 168th largest of the 195 countries. The figure is total surface area, which includes inland water such as lakes and rivers. Its population of about 687,000 gives a density of 265 people per square kilometre.

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